ABSTRACT
Purpose: To develop a new age?appropriate visual function questionnaire for visually impaired children. Methods: The study was conducted in north India in 20,955 (97.3%) children ?15 years who underwent visual acuity examination. Of these 20,955 children, a total of 722 children were referred with unaided visual acuity less than 6/12 in any eye. Among these referred children, parents in the age group of 5–9 years and children between 10 and 15 years underwent interviews using LV Prasad Functional Visual Questionnaire?20 (LVP FVQ 20) and Indian Visual Functioning Questionnaire?33 (IND VFQ?33). Following this, multiple steps were undertaken that involved expert opinion for the removal of items on basis of zero variance and factor analysis along with calculation of Cronbach’s alpha. Results: A Cronbach’ alpha of 0.834 was calculated for the younger age group and 0.931 for the higher age group of children. Conclusion: A new robust age?appropriate questionnaire was developed and it was observed that there was a significant change in median score (that was derived for various domains after calculating the median for the items in various domains asked pre? and post?intervention in the form of glasses or surgery) for quality of visual function in the visually impaired children. A significant change in functional vision of visually impaired children (P < 0.005) was observed in both age groups
ABSTRACT
Corneal transplantation is a widely practiced surgical procedure. Over the past decade, lamellar techniques have been developed to replace penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Endothelial Keratoplasty (EK) combines fast visual rehabilitation and low risk profile and has therefore replaced penetrating keratoplasty in the treatment of corneal endothelial diseases such as endothelial dystrophies (Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy, congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy, posterior polymorphous dystrophy), pseudophakic and aphakic bullous keratopathy, endothelial decompensation caused by intraocular surgery, trauma or glaucoma drainage devices, iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome and endothelial failure post penetrating keratoplasty.1,2,3The concept of EK is based on the creation of a (nearly) normal corneal anatomy by positioning a donor disc comprising endothelium and Descemet Membrane (DM) (DM endothelial keratoplasty, DMEK) or endothelium, DM and posterior stroma (Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, DSAEK) onto the back surface of the recipient cornea.4 Graft detachment or dislocation is a major cause of complication following EK procedures. Rarely the recipient cornea may clear within several weeks to months after EK despite the presence of a detached or dislocated graft.5,6,7,8,9,10,11 The exact mechanism of spontaneous corneal clearance remains unknown.In the present report, we describe a case of spontaneous corneal clearance despite dislocated graft into posterior chamber without replacement of the graft after DSAEK.
ABSTRACT
Traumatic middle meningeal arteriovenous fistula with sphenoparietal sinus involvement is very rare. It is usually associated with skull fracture and intracranial hemorrhage. Ocular manifestation as sole presentation is extremely rare and only a few cases have been reported. We report a case of traumatic middle meningeal arteriovenous fistula with sphenoparietal sinus involvement 2 months after head trauma, presenting with left eye redness and dilated corkscrew episcleral vessel. CT scan showed venous out flow disturbance of the cavernous sinus with dilated ophthalmic veins. Transarterial endovascular embolisation of the fistula was done successfully; clinical and 6 months MRA resolution was noted. In conclusion, patient with traumatic middle meningeal arteriovenous fistula into the sphenoparietal sinus can present solely with subtle ocular symptoms. Transarterial endovascular embolisation is an effective procedure to close the fistula as seen in this case